ABSTRACT
Background: The use of liquid vaporizers as residential insecticides to control the problem of mosquito bites and to prevent adult, newborns and children from deadly vector borne diseases like Malaria, Dengue and chikungunya etc. is ever increasing. These products contain pyrethroid and emit parallethrin vapours when put to use at home. There are numerous side effects of these vapours like allergic sinusitis, difficulty in respiration, sleep disturbance, giddiness, headache, body ache and lethargy but the market for these product decides the outcome of all the research concerned with its safety. Histological studies can establish their toxic effects on Spinal Cord, cervical and lumbar enlargements in the White and Grey matter that forms structural continuity with the CNS. Accordingly the present study was planned to assess the safety of pyrethroid based mosquito repellent inhalational use and the histological insult to the spinal cord of Albino rats. Methods: Total of twenty albino rats were equally divided into control and experimental group. The experimental group was exposed to 3.2% w/v prallethrin vapours for total of 12 hours per day for 180 days. The control group rats was exposed to identical situation but without any exposure. The albino rats were sacrificed after the study period of exposure of 180 days. Spinal cord dissected., tissue processed, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin, eosin and thionin. Results: Grey matter of the spinal cord at cervical and lumbar enlargement showed numerous vacuoles with lightly stained cell body of neurons and Nissl’s dissolution with occasional inflammatory cells. Conclusions: Neurohistological study, inhalational route, neurotoxicity, adult albino rats, prallethrin vapours, spinal cord.
ABSTRACT
Background: There has been an ever increasing use of liquid vaporizers as residential insecticides to get rid of the problem of mosquito and as a concern shown towards prevention of increasing cases of vector borne diseases. Adverse impact of these chemicals are many including giddiness, nausea, headache, body ache, lethargy and dizziness but the current research on the safety of these chemical compounds is market driven and proper histological studies that can establish their toxic effects on cerebellar cortex which acts as higher centre of coordination, balance and learning are rare. Accordingly the present study was planned to look into the claim of safety of these inhalational compounds and to establish the correlation, if any between pyrethroid based mosquito repellent inhalational use and the histological insult to the cerebellum of Albino rats. Methods: Total of twenty albino rats were marked into groups marked as control and experimental. The exposure of experimental group was carried out to 3.2% w/v prallethrin vapours for total of 12 hours in a day and continued for 180 days. The Albino rats in control group were put in similar surroundings but without exposure to any mosquito repellent. The albino rats were killed after completing exposure of 180 days. The rats brain was dissected and Cerebellum was taken out. Tissue processing and sectioning done and finally stained wusing haematoxylin, eosin and thionin stains. Results: Outer molecular and inner granular layer of cerebellum showed areas of degeneration with disruption and decreased density of cells in Purkinje cell layer. Conclusions: The findings of the study do confirms that mosquito repellents given by inhalational route leads to toxic insult as evident in this study on Albino rats on long term exposure of 180 days as shown by histological alterations in the sections of cerebellar cortex of rat CNS.
ABSTRACT
Studies of non-metric cranial variants have been a field of considerable interest to research workers especially because of their racial and regional importance. 28 north Indian skulls of U.P. were studied for the zygomatico facial foramen, a cranial variant in the present study. Findings are discussed and compared with other global studies and are found to be of considerable regional and racial significance.
ABSTRACT
Abstracts: Variations of the axillary artery have been frequently observed during routine anatomy dissection classes. These variations of vascular system are of considerable significance for surgical and radiological procedures. Accurate knowledge of these variations is desirable as well as essential as they may be mistaken for veins that may lead to formation of gangrene and even loss of hand during surgical procedures. Reported here is one such case of A unilateral superficial brachial artery with a high origin of Profunda Brachii artery (PBA) as observed during routine dissection class of medical students at Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly, India.